Wireless

Wireless is a term describing a communications or computer network where there is no physical connection (such as a or ) between sender and receiver, but instead they are connected by.

Usage
Applications for wireless networks include multi-party, distributed work sessions, instant messaging, personal digital assistants, and mobile phones. They include the transmission of voice, video, images, and data, each traffic type with possibly differing and quality-of-service requirements.

The wireless network components of a complete source-destination path requires consideration of mobility,, and varying transmission and bandwidth conditions. The wired/wireless network combination provides a severe bandwidth mismatch, as well as vastly different error conditions. The processing capability of fixed vs. mobile terminals may be expected to differ significantly. This then leads to such issues to be addressed in this environment as, capacity assignment and handover of control in the wireless domain, flow and error control over the complete end-to-end path, dynamic bandwidth control to accommodate bandwidth mismatch and/or varying processing capability.

Wireless technologies used by Apple

 * In 1993, the Newton MessagePad became Apple's first device to be released with wireless infrared technology using Sharp's ASK protocol.
 * IrDA was first adopted by Apple in the PowerBook 3400c in 1997.
 * Wi-Fi was first introduced by Apple as "AirPort" in the iBook G3 in 1999
 * 2.75G cellular (EDGE) was first adopted by Apple in the original iPhone in 2007.
 * 3G cellular was first adopted by Apple in the iPhone 3G in 2008.
 * 4G cellular (LTE) was first adopted by Apple in the iPhone 5 in 2012, though was not implemented until 2014 in the iPhone 6.
 * 5G cellular was first adopted by Apple in the iPhone 12 series in 2020.

Articles

 * The History of Wireless Everything by Adam Clark Estes at Gizmodo (2017-12-12)