TrueDepth

TrueDepth refers to front-facing cameras with a Dot projector in Apple devices that provide depth data in real time along with visual information. The system uses LEDs to project an irregular grid of over 30,000 infrared dots to record depth within a matter of milliseconds.

History
TrueDepth cameras were first introduced in the iPhone X in November 2017. They support Portrait Mode photography and Face ID facial recognition in the iPhone X and later (excluding the iPhone SE 2nd generation), and the 3rd generation iPad Pro and later. They also support motion tracking of the user's face to Animoji and animated Memoji.

Dual cameras on earlier models, such as the iPhone 7 Plus and 8 Plus can be used calculate distance data to similarly support some features, such as Portrait Mode, but this only applies to the rear-facing cameras and does not work with Animoji or Face ID.



Issues
TrueDepth cameras were discovered by users to be prone to failure due to dropping or water damage. Damage to the TrueDepth system will cause the Face ID feature to become non-functional. It is considered nearly impossible to repair by third parties and must be taken to an Apple retail store for replacement.